What are the primary causes, symptoms, and treatment options for Dupuytren’s Contracture?

Dupuytren’s Contracture is a progressive hand condition in which the connective tissue beneath the skin of the palm thickens and tightens, causing one or more fingers—most commonly the ring and little fingers—to bend toward the palm. Although the exact cause remains unclear, this condition is strongly associated with genetic predisposition and is more common in individuals of Northern European descent. Risk factors include age over 50, male gender, family history, diabetes, smoking, and chronic alcohol use. These factors contribute to abnormal collagen buildup within the palmar fascia, leading to the formation of nodules and cords.

Early symptoms often begin with a small, painless lump in the palm that gradually becomes a thick band, restricting finger extension. As the condition progresses, hand function becomes impaired, making activities such as gripping, wearing gloves, or placing the hand flat difficult. Despite its progressive nature, Dupuytren’s Contracture typically does not cause pain, which sometimes leads individuals to delay seeking treatment.

Treatment options depend on the severity and functional limitations. In mild cases with minimal contracture, observation and hand therapy may be recommended. For more advanced contractures, minimally invasive treatments like collagenase injections can dissolve the tight cords, allowing the finger to straighten. Needle aponeurotomy is another option, where a needle is used to break the cords. Severe or recurrent cases may require surgical fasciectomy to remove affected tissue. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help preserve hand mobility and improve quality of life.